Products
Acetylsalicylic acid is commercially available in the form of tablets, film-coated tablets, effervescent tablets, chewable tablets, and direct granules, among others. In addition to the original Aspirin and Aspirin Cardio, other products and generics are available. This article relates to pain and fever therapy. Aspirin was launched by Bayer in 1899. See also under acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg (antiplatelet).
Structure and properties
Acetylsalicylic acid (C9H8O4, Mr = 180.2 g/mol) exists as a white, odorless, crystalline powder or as colorless crystals and is sparingly soluble in water. It is an acetylated derivative of salicylic acid and belongs to the salicylates (esters of salicylic acid and acetic acid). It can be synthesized with acetic anhydride (see below). Salicylic acid is also the main metabolite formed in the organism during and after absorption. Under humid air, acetic acid is formed and the powder begins to smell like vinegar.
Synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid.
For the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid is acetylated with acetic anhydride. Little sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid serves as catalyst. The salicylic acid acts as a nucleophile, and the acetic anhydride acts as an electrophile.
Mnemonic for chemical structure
Effects
Acetylsalicylic acid (ATC N02BA01) has analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet properties. The effects are due to inhibition of cyclooxygenase, resulting in inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and thromboxane A2 formation.
Indications
- For the treatment of acute pain, such as headache, toothache, pain in joints and ligaments, and back pain.
- For symptomatic treatment of fever and / or pain in colds.
- In low and once-daily dosage (100 mg, 300 mg) as an antiplatelet agent for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease see under acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg.
Dosage
According to the package leaflet. Medicines for pain and fever are usually taken every 4 to 8 hours with sufficient liquid and with or after food (adults, single dose: 500 to 1000 mg, maximum daily dose 3000 mg). The duration of treatment should be kept as short as possible and should not exceed three days in self-medication.
Contraindications
For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Adverse effects
The most common possible adverse effects include microbleeding, stomach upset, dyspepsia, asthma, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Like other NSAIDs, acetylsalicylic acid can cause serious side effects, such as gastric and intestinal ulcers, hypersensitivity reactions, severe bleeding, and renal dysfunction.
