Products
Hydrous alumina is commercially available in combination with magnesium hydroxide as a suspension and in the form of chewable tablets (Alucol). It has been approved in many countries since 1957.
Structure and properties
Alumina (Al2O3, Mr = 102.0 g/mol) is the oxide of aluminum. Hydrous alumina, as defined by the pharmacopoeia, contains 47 to 60% of the active ingredient. It exists as a white, amorphous powder and is practically insoluble in water. Reaction with hydrochloric acid:
- Al2O3 (alumina) + 6 HCl (hydrochloric acid) 2 AlCl3 (aluminum chloride) + 3 H2O (water)
Unlike carbonates and hydrogen carbonates, no gaseous carbon dioxide is formed.
Effects
Alumina (ATC A02AD01) has antacid properties. It binds and neutralizes excess stomach acid. Alumina is absorbed only to a very small extent and is therefore predominantly locally effective.
Indications
For short-term symptomatic treatment of gastric burning and acid regurgitation.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. Medicines are taken after meals or when symptoms occur.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
- Hypophosphatemia
- Impaired renal function
- Diarrhea
Full precautions can be found in the drug label.
Interactions
Antacids can lead to complex formation with other active ingredients and reduce their absorption and bioavailability. Therefore, they should be taken at least two hours apart.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include gastrointestinal disturbances. In the presence of renal insufficiency (contraindication), aluminum retention may occur. Because of the binding of phosphate, alumina may cause hypophosphatemia in high-dose continuous treatment.
