In principle, the disease is divided into three stages, which are passed in 3 to 7 years after diagnosis. However, Alzheimer’s dementia progresses differently and unpredictably in everyone, also “bad” phases or relapsing deterioration often alternate with stable phases.
Stages of Alzheimer’s dementia
- In the first stage, also known as mild dementia, the focus is on disturbances in short-term memory. Those affected forget where they put their key, what was talked about shortly before, what they wanted to buy. In some cases, word-finding disorders appear; it is difficult to classify thoughts and perceptions correctly. Known paths suddenly become unknown wrong paths. In this phase, judgment is still intact and those affected are aware of their limitations. Mostly, an independent life is still possible, possibly with certain restrictions (for example, no longer drive a car yourself).
- The initially mild symptoms intensify in the second stage: the memory loss becomes more pronounced and spreads to further back, the speech becomes worse. Even in familiar surroundings such as one’s own home, the affected person can no longer find his way around; he also no longer recognizes familiar objects and people. Help is needed for everyday activities such as dressing, washing or eating. Changes in personality are also typical: those affected are confused, anxious or aggressive.
- In the third stage, physical functions are increasingly impaired. The damage in the brain reaches control centers that are responsible, for example, for bladder and bowel control, swallowing or balance.
Recognize initial symptoms
The changes may be barely noticeable at first and then often attributed to “age forgetfulness”. Attention should be paid if the signs increase, if they interfere with work, if habitual actions cause problems, or if orientation decreases more and more. Abrupt mood swings and growing disinterest in family and hobbies can also be possible symptoms of incipient Alzheimer’s disease.
