Products
Amantadine is commercially available as film-coated tablets, capsules, and an infusion solution (Symmetrel, PK-Merz). It has been approved in many countries since 1966.
Structure and properties
Amantadine (C10H17N, Mr = 151.2 g/mol) is present in drugs as amantadine sulfate or amantadine hydrochloride. Amantadine hydrochloride is a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water.
Effects
Amantadine (ATC N04BB01) has antiviral, dopaminergic, and anticholinergic properties.
Mechanism of action
Influenza: The drug inhibits uncoating of influenza viruses by blocking the M2 channel. Many viruses are resistant and amantadine is ineffective.
Indications
- Treatment and prevention of influenza (influenza type A).
- Parkinson’s disease
- To increase vigilance and lighten consciousness in coma, for example, after craniocerebral trauma and delayed recovery after anesthesia.
- Concomitant neuralgia in herpes zoster.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. Amantadine is administered perorally and as an intravenous infusion.
Contraindications
For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Anticholinergics, dopamine agonists, levodopa, neuroleptics, alcohol, and psychotropic drugs may increase central and anticholinergic adverse effects. Diuretic combinations (hydrochlorothiazide + potassium-sparing diuretic) may increase plasma concentrations and potentiate adverse effects.
Adverse effects
Common: depression, anxiety, elevated mood, agitation, nervousness, poor concentration, dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, insomnia, lethargy, hallucinations, nightmares, ataxia, slurred speech, blurred vision, palpable heartbeats, orthostatic hypotension, ankle edema, dry mouth, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation, sweating.
