Amino Acids: Function & Diseases

Protein with its amino acids is, next to water, the most important building block for our body cells. Our food also consists of protein and is therefore an important supplier of the protein supply that is absolutely necessary for the body.

What are amino acids?

Amino acids are, in short, components of protein. In total, there are 20 different amino acids. Depending on the composition and sequence in which they are combined, they form different proteins. This is also called the “sequence” or “primary structure” of the amino acids. It is genetically predetermined and thus characteristic for the respective protein. Of the 20 amino acids, 9 are so-called essential amino acids. This means that they cannot be produced by the body itself and must therefore be taken in through food. These are the amino acids (in alphabetical order) histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine. The rest can be formed by the body itself with the help of food and are called non-essential amino acids.

Medical and health functions, roles, and meanings.

Considering that the essential amino acids must necessarily be ingested with food, the great importance of these protein components for health quickly becomes clear. If even a single one of these amino acids is missing, the body can no longer perform its tasks. Cell growth, especially of bones, muscles, skin and hair, as well as tissue repair would no longer be possible. In addition, protein – and thus amino acids – is also involved in many metabolic processes in the body. These include the build-up of hormones, antibodies and enzymes. Minerals and trace elements, such as zinc, iron and copper, are also better absorbed by the body through the simultaneous supply of certain amino acids. Protein is also needed to transport nutrients, water and oxygen through the body. If a surplus of protein remains after all these tasks have been performed, it is used to generate energy. In the case of a deficient supply of amino acids, negative consequences would be immediately noticeable in all bodily functions. The level of an optimal supply of amino acids is a matter of debate. A common recommendation is that about 10-15% of the daily calorie amount should be covered by protein (D-A-CH reference value). Young children and seniors most likely have a higher requirement. In the case of illness (severe infections, after operations and generally during convalescence), the requirement can also change: the amino acids arginine, cysteine and tyrosine then become so-called semi-essential amino acids, which should be specifically supplied. Animal foods have a relatively balanced ratio of amino acids that can be metabolized well. Plant foods have their special value in that the essential amino acids can complement each other very well. A balanced mixed diet ensures that, as far as possible, all 9 essential amino acids are absorbed simultaneously through the intestine and thus the desired supplementation effect is achieved.

Diseases, ailments and disorders

In medicine, amino acids are now considered a good alternative to conventional pharmacological drugs for various diseases and prevention. Studies show positive effects, for example, in diabetes, osteoporosis, lipid metabolism disorders, heart disease (myocardial infarction) and potency problems. In cases of immune deficiency, for example, the amino acids arginine, glutamine, lysine, taurine and methiosine play a health-promoting role. Arginine also supports arteriosclerosis therapy and is considered an effective natural sexual enhancer. The amino acid tryptophan is approved for the treatment of sleep disorders. Since it also influences the formation of serotonin, the “happiness hormone,” it is also used to treat depressive moods and mood swings. Histidine is used in rheumatism therapy when low levels of this amino acid are detected. Today, amino acids are also popular in the field of anti-aging in the form of dietary supplements. Athletes appreciate the muscle-building effects of special preparations containing amino acids. The use of dietary supplements with amino acids should in no case be uncontrolled, even if these products are freely available. As with everything that achieves a good effect, side effects and interactions can occur.Long-term intake of L-tryptophan, for example, interferes with dopamine metabolism, and the amino acid can react with certain painkillers. Consultation with an experienced medical professional is therefore always recommended.