An anal fissure is a tear in the mucous membrane in the area of the anus, which is caused, among other risk factors, mainly by hard bowel movements and strong pressing. The acute form does not usually require surgery and can be treated by conservative methods. In the case of chronic anal fissure with wound healing disorder, on the other hand, surgery is indicated, since without it the anal fissure cannot heal. This surgery, like any other surgical procedure, is associated with some risks and side effects. Therefore, it should be decided together with the treating physician whether the surgery is necessary or other treatment options are possible.
Procedure
There are different methods and correspondingly different procedures for anal fissure surgery. The operations are performed under general or local anesthesia. Which method is used depends on the procedure and the patient’s wishes.
In the past, the sphincter muscle was usually severed, which was associated with good wound healing, but also usually with fecal incontinence. Therefore, this operation is rarely performed today. Instead, the fissure is usually cut out and then covered with surrounding skin. It is also possible to cover the fissure directly with surrounding skin. This is also called flap plastic surgery.
OP aftercare
Aftercare after anal fissure surgery should always be discussed with the treating physician. It is important to follow the instructions given by the surgeon. In general, thorough hygiene should be ensured after an anal fissure operation.
After going to the toilet, as well as at least once a day, the anus should be rinsed and cleaned with warm water. Since it can come to the secretion of wound secretion and possibly to post-bleeding, sterile compresses should be used. Any further action in the operated area, for example the application of a cream, should be done with clean hands. After the operation, one or more check-up appointments are usually made. Wound healing usually takes up to two months.
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