Pathogenesis (development of disease)
Dog allergens vary in aggressiveness depending on the breed. Short-haired breeds are thought to have higher allergenic potential. Allergen-free breeds do not exist.
Cat allergens can be spread very widely through the air and clothing of their owners, showing up in places where cats have not been before.
Allergies to birds can also be caused by feathers, bird droppings and mites that reside in the birds’ feathers.
The allergens cause immediate-type allergy (synonyms: Type I allergy, Type I allergy, Type I immune reaction, immediate allergic reaction). This is characterized by a rapid response of the immune system (within seconds or minutes) upon second contact with the allergen. The initial contact, which is usually asymptomatic, is called sensitization. In this case, T and B lymphocytes independently recognize the antigen in question.
The secondary reaction is IgE-mediated. Here, the allergen binds to the IgE present on the mast cells and histamine is released. Furthermore, inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes are released in the process.
Etiology
Biographic causes
- Occupations – agriculture (animal dander).
- Pets (dogs, cats, birds)
