Ankle instability is an instability or feeling of instability originating from the capsular ligament apparatus of the ankle. Normally, the ankle joint is secured by numerous ligaments and enclosed by a joint capsule. However, if these no longer stabilize the joint sufficiently, symptoms usually occur. These manifest themselves directly through a feeling of instability, but also through pain and swelling under stress.
Definition
The joint increases in the extent of movement and can lead to entrapment of tendons and ligaments. The capsule-ligament apparatus contains sensors that constantly transmit information to our brain about the joint position and tension on tendons and ligaments. If the capsular ligament apparatus is too loose, for example after a poorly healed ligament injury, these sensors can no longer perform their task, or only inadequately.
The joint feels unsafe and one tends to twist and turn more often. Often, minor injuries in everyday life lead to instability. After slight buckling, which the patient may not have been aware of, or due to a serious injury that was underestimated and could not heal sufficiently, the ligaments lose tension.
The risk of buckling increases. As a result, the ligaments are subjected to further stress and the joint gradually loses stability. Due to the chronic lack of stability, cartilage and bone are increasingly strained and the risk of ankle arthrosis increases.
After an acute injury to the ankle joint, there may be a brief feeling of instability, but this should disappear almost completely after completion of healing and the accompanying therapy. The instability can be treated conservatively by targeted sensomotoric and coordinative training. The reaction and stability of the joint is tested and strengthened in various difficult situations.
If, despite intensive physiotherapy, an instability with frequent twisting remains, this is considered a potential reason for surgery. The ligaments are either tightened or replaced by a tendon plastic from the body’s own tendon. Once the ligaments have healed, they are then subjected to intensive physiotherapeutic training again until stability is restored. Splints, orthoses or tape bandages can also be used.
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