Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Osteoarthritis
- Bacterial infection of the spine as in infectious spondylitis (“vertebral inflammation”).
- Nucleus pulposus prolapse (disc prolapse) – herniated disc.
- Degenerative spinal changes (eg, spondylosis).
- Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) – formation of excess bone tissue.
- Reiter’s disease (synonyms: Reiter’s syndrome, Reiter’s disease, urethro-oculo-synovial syndrome, arthritis dysenterica, post-enteritis reactive arthritis, sexually acquired reactive arthritis (SARA), undifferentiated oligoarthritis) – seronegative spondyloarthropathy caused by intestinal or urinary tract disease with bacteria (usually chlamydia), especially in HLA-B27 positive individuals. It can manifest as arthritis (joint inflammation), conjunctivitis (conjunctivitis), urethritis (urethritis) and partly with typical skin changes.
- Scheuermann’s disease (synonyms: Adolescent kyphosis; juvenile kyphosis; osteochondritis deformans juvenilis dorsi) – degenerative changes of the bone / cartilage in the area of the joints and epiphyses (joint end with bone core), which are characterized by sclerosis and irregular contouring.
- Muscle tension
- Osteoporosis (bone loss)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (chronic polyarthritis)
- Sacroiliitis – inflammatory changes in the lower spine (joints between the sacrum and ilium, sacroiliac joints).
- Spondylodiscitis (inflammation of the intervertebral disc and the two adjacent vertebral bodies) – about 2-4% of all infectious skeletal diseases in children (mostly with Staphylococcus aureus); is caused mainly by a hematogenous (“on the bloodstream) dispersal.
