The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD):
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic disorders (E00-E90).
- Obesity (obesity)
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Osteoporosis (bone loss) – 5-10% decreased maximum mean bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents treated with stimulants (amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, methylphenidate, levoamphetamine) during growth.
Psyche – Nervous System (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- ADHD, persistent – in 40-80% of affected children, a disorder is still detectable in adulthood.
- Affective disorders (bipolar disorder; depression).
- Aggression
- Anxiety disorders
- Antisocial behavior
- Impairment of the development of social roles
- Delinquency
- Depression (high coincidence/timing of events in older adults).
- Substance abuse/drug dependence (individuals diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood).
- Insomnia (sleep disturbance) while on stimulant medication: worsening of sleep quality and shortening of sleep duration
- Oppositional behavioral disorders
- Risky Behavior
- Mood swings
- Disorders of social behavior
- Addictive disorder
- Tobacco dependence; proportion of smokers among young ADHD patients is two to three times higher than among other peers
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not classified elsewhere (R00-R99)
- Constipation/constipation (children with ADHD: 4.1% vs 1.5%).
- Fecal incontinence/inability to retain bowel movements (children with ADHD: 0.9% versus 0.7%)
- Suicidality (suicide risk) in “attention deficit disorder” (with or without hyperactivity).
Injuries, poisonings, and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI), mild.
- Accidents
- Increased mortality (mortality rate; 3, 4% increased compared with control group); girls were affected more often than boys; the later the diagnosis was made, the higher the mortality rate was
