Products
Bacitracin is used for topical therapy, for example, in the form of ointments and eye ointments. It is also combined with neomycin, which is effective against Gram-negative bacteria. The bacteria that form bacitracin were first isolated in the 1940s from a contaminated wound on the shin of a girl named Margaret Treacy (Johnson et al., 1945, Columbia University, New York). In honor of the patient, the strain was named Tracy I. However, the name was published incorrectly in the journal. “Bacitracin” is a combination of and .
Structure and properties
Bacitracin is a mixture of antimicrobially active polypeptides formed by certain strains of and . Its major components are bacitracin A, B1, B2, and B3. They are large molecules (bacitracin A: C66H103N17O16S, Mr = 1422.7 g/mol). Bacitracin exists as a white, hygroscopic powder with a bitter taste that is soluble in water. It may also be present in drugs in the form of the zinc complex bacitracin-zinc, which is characterized by its higher stability.
Effects
Bacitracin (ATC D06AX05) has bactericidal properties. The effects are based on inhibition of bacterial cell wall formation. Bacitracin is predominantly effective against Gram-positive pathogens. In contrast, many gram-negative bacteria are resistant. Bacitracin is not absorbed orally and is nephrotoxic when used systemically. Therefore, it is used only locally.
Indications
For prevention and treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. For local use, for example on the skin or eye.
Dosage
According to the professional information. The ointments are usually applied up to three times daily. The ophthalmic ointments up to five times daily.
Contraindications
Bacitracin is contraindicated in cases of hypersensitivity. Do not apply to open wounds or to large areas. Refer to the drug label for complete precautions.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include local and allergic reactions. Bacitracin should not be administered systemically because of its nephrotoxicity.
