Blood, blood-forming organs-immune system (D50-D90).
- Meningitis as a complication of various systemic diseases such as sarcoidosis (synonyms: Boeck’s disease; Schaumann-Besnier’s disease; systemic disease of connective tissue with granuloma formation) or in the setting of pneumonia.
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99).
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAB; hemorrhage between the spinal meninges and the soft meninges; incidence: 1-3%); symptomatology: proceed according to “Ottawa rule for subarachnoid hemorrhage”:
- Age ≥ 40 years
- Meningismus (symptom of painful neck stiffness in irritation and disease of the meninges).
- Syncope (brief loss of consciousness) or impaired consciousness (somnolence, sopor and coma).
- Onset of cephalgia (headache) during physical activity.
- Thunderclap headache/destructive headache (about 50% of cases).
- Restricted mobility of the cervical spine (Cervical spine).
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Chronic meningitis – meningitis that can be caused by many different pathogens; these include Borrelia (Lyme disease), Treponema pallidum (syphilis), or HIV.
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) – tick-borne disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii.
- Viral meningoencephalitis – Combined inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) and meninges (meningitis) caused by viruses (mainly herpes simplex virus).
- West Nile virus – infectious disease, which is one of the zoonoses (infectious diseases transmissible from animals to humans; animal diseases).
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Rupture of a tumor cyst – rupture of a cavity (cyst) filled with malignant cells (cancer disease).
Ears – mastoid process (H60-H95).
- Mastoiditis – mastoid process inflammation; inflammation of the aerated bone cells of the mastoid process (mastoid process).
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- Amoebic meningoencephalitis – caused by Naegleria fowleri from drinking water contaminated with it, swimming pools (swimming pool amebiasis), and bathing lakes; produces pyogenic meningitis PAME (primary amoebic meningoencephalitis), which occurs mainly in children and young adults; incubation period (time from infection to onset of disease): 3-7 (-14) days; symptomatology: fever, nausea (nausea)/vomiting, cephalgia (headache), and meningismus (painful neck stiffness); comma and death within a week.
- Empyema – collection of pus in a body cavity; may occur in the skull subdurally (under the hard meninges) and epidurally (on the hard meninges)
- Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
- Brain abscess – accumulation of pus in the brain (headache, nausea, vomiting, epileptic seizures, clouding of consciousness).
- Meningeosis carcinomatosa – metastases (daughter tumors) of a cancer in the meninges.
