In bacterial vaginosis (BV) (synonyms: Amine colpitis; anaerobic vaginosis; Gardnerella infection; Gardnerella colpitis; Gardnerella vaginitis; Haemophilus vaginalis infection; nonspecific colpitis; English:bacterial vaginosis; ICD-10-GM N76. 0: Acute colpitis) is a mixed infection of the vagina (vagina) with Gardnerella vaginalis (> 90% of cases) and other anaerobes (such as Prevotella, formerly: Bacteroides spp. (50-100%), Mobiluncus spp. (8-85%), Peptostreptococcus, about 30%) and Atopobium vaginae (more recently). Gardnerella vaginalis in small numbers, like many other bacteria, is part of the normal vaginal flora (vaginal flora).
Bakerial vaginosis is the most common environmental disorder of the vagina (vagina) in childbearing age (40-50%).
Frequency peak: Bakerial vaginosis predominantly affects women during sexual maturity.
The prevalence (disease incidence) is 5% of women who present for screening and over 30% of women who are seen in a sexually transmitted disease clinic. In pregnant women, the prevalence is 10-20%.
Course and prognosis: Because only about one in two women show typical symptoms such as increased, thin fluorine, bacterial vaginosis often goes undiagnosed. Over time, the fluorine leads to irritation such as pruritus (itching) or redness, so that a gynecological examination becomes necessary and the infection can be diagnosed. Bacterial vaginosis is associated with an increased risk of further infections, as the microorganisms may ascend through the cervix (neck of the uterus) to the endometrium (lining of the uterus) and adnexa (summary term for the appendages of the uterus: fallopian tubes and ovaries) and cause endometritis (inflammation of the uterus) and salpingitis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes). Normal vaginal flora can usually be restored within a week with pharmacotherapy (drug therapy). Bacterial vaginosis recurs in up to 50% of cases within 6 months, which is explained by the bacterial biofilm (see below Pathogenesis/disease development). In case of recurrences, prophylaxis with probiotics may be useful.
Although it does not belong to the typical venereal diseases, it is mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse. The germs can always also be detected in the urine and sperm (semen cells) of the partner. Another significant risk factor for bacterial vaginosis is psychosocial stress.
