Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)
- Primary enuresis
- Secondary enuresis
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99)
- Common urinary tract infections (UTIs), unspecified.
- Urinary flow disorders, e.g.:
- Obstruction or anatomical abnormality of the urinary tract.
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) – benign enlargement of the prostate.
- Urethral stricture (narrowing of the urethra) – for example, due to venereal diseases such as syphilis (lues) or gonorrhea – or congenital.
- Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones), urolithiasis (urinary stones).
- Neurogenic bladder emptying disorders – e.g. in diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis (MS), tabes dorsalis (clinical picture that can develop in the tertiary stage of syphilis (lues)).
- Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR; unphysiological reflux of urine from the bladder via the ureters (ureters) into the renal pelvis).
- Pregnancy
- Upper urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis (inflammation of the renal pelvis).
- Prostatitis (prostatitis)
- Lower urinary tract infection or cystitis
- Urethritis (urethritis) (inflammation of the bladder).
- Uropathy associated with vesicoureteral reflux.
- Vulvovaginitis – inflammation of the female external genitals, including the vagina.
Medication
- Antibiotic therapy, 2 to 4 weeks ago.
- Immunosuppressed patient(s).
- Contraception with DMPA (depot medroxyprogesterone acetate).
- Cytostatic drugs (e.g., methotrexate).
Operations
- Surgery in the urinary tract (especially after transurethral resection of the prostate).
- Instrumental urological procedures (e.g. cystoscopy / cystoscopy), which may be associated with germ transmission.
- Kidney transplantation
Further
