Bandages
Bandages are similar to Hallux valgus splints in their application range, but they are softer and more comfortable, but also provide less support. The bandages usually also have a cushioning function and can thus reduce the pressure of the footwear. Bandages are also a passive aid and cannot replace muscular training. However, if the joint is sufficiently mobile, they can prevent the progression of hallux valgus and contribute to pain relief.
Insoles
Insoles can alleviate the pain of walking in hallux valgus and contribute to a relief of the forefoot. Insoles against a splay-lower foot can correct the position of the metatarsal bones and prevent the progression of a malposition into valgus position. The insoles are passive aids. The muscles of the arch of the foot and the big toe are not trained by insoles. Nevertheless, insoles can improve the patient’s gait pattern in hallux valgus and help to reduce pain.
OP
There are a variety of different surgical techniques for hallux valgus. Often the malpositioning of the big toe has progressed to such an extent that conservative therapy is not always sufficient to permanently relieve pain and ensure a physiological gait pattern. In this case, surgery is necessary to prevent the malalignment from affecting other joints as well.
The surgical techniques generally all aim to make the joint capsule and tendon mobile again and correct the axis of the big toe. For example, the metatarsal bone is cut through and fixed in an improved position with wires or screws. Often, bony attachments form on the joint in response to the constantly increased pressure load; these attachments are removed during the operation. After the operation, immobilization for about 4 weeks is followed by a gradual increase in load. The hallux valgus surgery is not a purely aesthetic procedure, the reduction of pain and preservation of the patient’s mobility are indications for surgery.
Summary
The hallux valgus describes a malpositioning of the big toe in which it deviates in the direction of the other toes. This results in a thickening of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe, the so-called bunion toe. The malalignment is often painful and results in limited walking ability.
The development of hallux valgus is encouraged by shoes that are too tight or high heels. There is probably a genetic disposition. Exercises that strengthen the muscles of the big toes and the arch of the foot can counteract the hallux valgus in conservative therapy.
Bandages, splints and insoles as well as orthopedic footwear serve to alleviate the symptoms. If the pain is resistant to therapy, the mobility and position of the big toe can be corrected surgically.
