Symptoms
Bed bug bites are often arranged in rows on the skin. They itch intensely, are reddened, and may swell. Possible complications may include superinfections, skin diseases, and allergic reactions. In case of a heavy infestation, even anemia is possible and the bedbug can at least theoretically transmit infectious diseases – however, this is considered unlikely in practice. A symptomless course is also possible. Not to be underestimated is the psychological and emotional stress that the blood-sucking parasites can cause. Blood stains on the bed linen, excrement and a sweetish smell in the room indicate an infestation. The bugs are traditionally found mainly in developing countries, but are on the rise again in Western countries and are increasingly observed, for example, in hotels, vacation homes or even in public and private rooms.
Causes
The common bed bug L. of the family Cimicidae is a flat, six-legged, wingless, reddish-brown insect between 5 and 7 mm in size that is mainly active at night. The bugs crawl onto sleeping humans and sometimes pets, biting several times and sucking blood. They are attracted by heat and carbon dioxide. The bites are not felt because the saliva contains local anesthetics. During the day, bedbugs hide and live in hiding in dark corners, cracks and in the mattress. Bed bugs move quickly and are environmentally resistant. They can survive for up to a year without additional food after one meal. They are insensitive to cold, but die at temperatures of ≥41 °C. They are transferred from place to place in clothing, bags, and suitcases, for example.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made on the basis of evidence of live bedbugs in the living quarters. Other causes such as skin diseases, scabies, fleas, lice, and other insect bites must be ruled out.
Treatment
Uncomplicated skin reactions pass on their own within about a week. Supportive antipruritic and anti-inflammatory agents such as topical glucocorticoids, oral antihistamines, and preparations containing menthol or tannins may be used ( see under Itching). The use of a disinfectant is recommended to prevent superinfection. Do not scratch. Elimination of insects is difficult and hardly feasible for laymen. It should be done by a professional exterminator. This involves scouting out the foci and killing the bugs with insecticides, heat treatment and other methods. It is important that the rooms are heated evenly to the elevated temperature. Bed bugs are showing increasing resistance to insecticides, especially pyrethroids. Tips:
- Search for hiding places of bedbugs.
- Wrap tape around bedposts to make insects stick.
- Wash linen and bedding frequently at > 60 ° C.
- Put clothes and larger objects in black garbage bags in the sun, the heat should kill the bugs in the process. A good alternative is the treatment in a tumbler.
- Vacuum frequently.
- For prevention possibly use an impregnated mosquito net and repellents and put on long-sleeved pajamas.
- Treat or dispose of mattress.
- Be careful with secondhand items such as mattresses and sofas and travel abroad.
