Mandatory medical device diagnostics.
- Residual urine determination by ultrasound
- Ultrasound diagnosis of kidneys, bladder and prostate – to determine the size of the prostate; exclusion of already occurred kidney damage or to exclude stones, tumors, etc..
- Uroflowmetry (including determination of maximum urine flow (Qmax) and creation of a urine flow curve) – to determine the flow of urine in cases of suspected bladder outlet obstruction (blockage at the base of the bladder, which reduces or prevents the flow of urine into the urethra) [decrease in maximum urine flow and micturition volume:
- Maximum urine flow (Qmax) decreases from 20 ml/s (40 to 44 years of age) to 11 ml/s (75 to 79 years of age)
- Micturition volume decreases from 355 ml to 223 ml]
Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- I.v. pyelogram (synonyms: IVP; i.v. urogram; urogram; i.v. urography; excretory urography; excretory pyelogram; intravenous excretory urogram; radiographic imaging of the urinary organs or urinary tract system) – for suspected tumors, stones.
- Transrectal prostate sonography (ultrasound examination of the prostate due tostructure and size) [increase in prostate volume:
- From 25 ml (30 to 35 years of age) to 45 ml (70 years of age).
- Transition zone volume increases from 15 ml to 25 ml (same age groups)]
- Urodynamic diagnostics (including measurement of bladder function during filling via a catheter and subsequent emptying (pressure-flow analysis) to differentiate the various forms of urinary incontinence (stress, urge incontinence also mixed forms, neurogenic bladder) – if the obligatory diagnostics are not satisfactory.
- Urethrocystoscopy (urethral and bladder endoscopy) and / or urethrocystography (contrast imaging of urethra and bladder) – if tumors, stones are suspected.
Further notes
- Imaging of the seminal vesicle by TRUS (transrectal ultrasound) may reveal whether ejaculation problems (anejaculation) in men on alpha blockers are due to lack of contraction of the seminal vesicle. In one small study, two-thirds of men had anejaculation, probably due to inadequate contraction of the seminal vesicles. One-third had evidence of retrograde ejaculation (ejaculatory dysfunction in which seminal fluid is expelled backward into the urinary bladder).
