Products
Bimatoprost is commercially available in the form of eye drops (Lumigan). It is also available in combination with timolol (Ganfort, Ganfort UD). The drug was approved in many countries in 2002. Generics are registered. Latisse (0.3 mg/ml) to promote eyelash growth is on the market in the United States.
Structure and properties
Bimatoprost (C25H37NO4, Mr = 415.57 g/mol) is an analog of the prostaglandin F2α. Unlike the other prostaglandin analogs, it exists as an amide rather than an ester. It is therefore also referred to as a prostamide analog.
Effects
Bimatoprost (ATC S01EE03) lowers intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor outflow. The effect on eyelashes is probably based on prolonging the growth phase of the hairs.
Indications
To lower elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. In the United States, Latisse is approved for the treatment of hypotrichosis of eyelashes to enhance their growth, thickness, and pigmentation.
Dosage
According to the drug label. The eye drops are applied to the affected eyes once daily in the evening. The application should not be more frequent, otherwise the effect will be weakened. To promote eyelash growth, the drug is applied with a sterile applicator to the upper eyelid margin at the base of the eyelashes. In many countries, the corresponding drug has not yet been approved. See also under Administering eye drops.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Drug-drug interactions are not known to date. Concomitant use of topical beta-blockers (timolol) has increased effects.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include increased conjunctival blood flow (red eyes), eyelash growth, and ocular itching, as well as other local side effects. These include, for example, increased iris pigmentation, change in eye color, and local darkening of the skin. Headaches are comparatively common. Except for increased iris pigmentation, all adverse effects should resolve after discontinuation, according to the literature.