Synonyms in a broader sense
Physics, Biophysics, Mechanics, Kinematics, Dynamics, Statics : biomechanicsThe biomechanics of sport is a scientific sub-discipline of the science of sport and movement. Subject of biomechanical investigation are the externally appearing movements in sports. Biomechanics describes a symbiosis of physics and biological oranisms. With models and concepts of mechanics, attempts are made to determine biological laws.
Classification
Biomechanics is basically divided into external and internal biomechanics. External biomechanics investigates changes in the position of bodies with the help of mechanics and is divided into kinematics and dynamics. The kinematics deals with the spatial and temporal aspect of changes of place.
Dynamics, which deals with forces that arise, consists of statics and kinetics. Internal biomechanics is divided into active and passive internal forces and active and passive external forces. Since biomechanics is explained by physical laws, it is one of the unpopular topics in sports science.
However, it is unthinkable to do without biomechanics in applied sports science. Biomechanics takes on much greater dimensions than initially assumed. Of course, the focus is on optimizing the performance of sports disciplines through performance biomechanics.
This can be illustrated by the example of shot put. In order to describe the shot put distance, the shot put distance, ball flight distance, take-off angle, take-off altitude, vertical take-off speed, horizontal take-off speed and spatial take-off speed are necessary. The investigation of these individual factors enables the optimization of the technique in shot peening.
The biomechanical principles in the science of motion serve to capture mechanical determinants in sport. However, not only performance improvement is part of biomechanics, but also preventive sports find their way into biomechanics. For example, studies on the lifting technique of objects to relieve the spine and prevent back pain are examples of the use of preventive biomechanics. Furthermore, studies of body tree features are the subject of anthropometric biomechanics. Here, the constitution of the athlete is in the foreground.
Mechanical conditions
Movement is always a change of location of a body in space and time. In order to set a body in motion a form of force is always required. Different manifestations of force:Active internal forces: are muscle forces that set the body or parts of the body in motion Passive internal forces: are the elasticity properties of the muscles and connective tissue Active external forces: are forces that set the human body or a piece of sports equipment in motion Examples are wind when sailing, current when swimming etc…
Passive external forces: The passive external forces make movement possible at all. The inertia of the water makes swimming possible. However, the passive external forces can also be a hindrance. (e.g. sprinting on ice)
