Synonyms in a broader sense
Medical: nevus
- Liver spot
- Spindernävus
- Melon
- Skin changes
Definition birthmark
A nevus (birthmark) is a benign skin change. Usually this is well described. This malformation of the skin can have different causes.
With these nevi (plural of nevus) one can determine different origins. Some of these spot-like phenomena originate from certain cells of the skin, the melanocytes. These produce the dark pigment of the skin, melanin.
(For example, the tan of the skin that develops when exposed to the sun is based on the increased production of melanin). This is also called pigment nevi. Other moles originate from single or multiple layers of the skin. These include epithelial nevi and connective tissue nevi (see below).
Causes
Acquired moles develop in almost all people. UV radiation/sunburn plays an important role in the development of liver spots. Also a suppressed immune system seems to favor the development (more frequent occurrence with chemotherapy).
Nevi are caused by the multiplication of nevus cells. It is suspected that these nevus cells originate from the actual melanocytes. Moles on the other hand are usually congenital.
When making a diagnosis, it is particularly important to distinguish benign from malignant skin changes. The dermatologist examines the spots through a kind of large, illuminated magnifying glass. As a rule, a statement can be made as to whether the change is actually benign or malignant. If there is any doubt, a biopsy (taking a sample for a fine tissue examination) can be performed. This means that a part, or in most cases the entire dark area is removed.
Birthmark itches
A birthmark that itches can be a first indication of a malignant skin change. In addition to itching in the area of the birthmark, bleeding and the formation of scab-like deposits are also suspected. Here, however, it must be checked whether the bleeding originates directly from the birthmark or whether only the scratching of the itchy skin area has led to minor injuries.
Patients who notice a birthmark that itches can already estimate at home whether it is possibly a malignant melanoma using the so-called A-B-C-D-E rule. If the birthmark in question, a doctor should be consulted as soon as possible. A dermatologist can quickly assess whether the birthmark, which itches, must be removed through supervision with a special microscope. A black mole that itches can indicate skin cancer and should be examined urgently.
- Asymmetrical shape
- Fuzzy boundary
- The coloring changes
- Has a diameter greater than 6mm or
- Protrudes from the surrounding skin level
