Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99).
- Choanal atresia, unilateral (unilateral) – congenital absence of the posterior nasal opening (= congenital membranous or bony closure of the posterior nasal opening); unilateral choanal atresia, in contrast to bilateral, is often not discovered immediately after birth but later in childhood; clinical symptoms: chronic rhinorrhea (runny nose)
- Meningo-/encephaloceles (defective brain anlage with skull gaps through which meninges/brain parts can bulge outward) in the nasopharynx.
Respiratory system (J00-J99)
- Adenoid hyperplasia – hyperplasia of the tonsil pharyngea/pharyngeal tonsil (synonyms: tonsil pharyngealis, tonsil pharyngica, adenoid vegetations or, more commonly, adenoids).
- Acute rhinitis (inflammation of the nasal mucosa, rhinitis).
- Acute sinusitis (sinusitis).
- Allergic rhinitis (hay fever; allergic rhinitis); clinical picture: rhinorrhea (runny nose; running nose), sneezing attacks, watery eyes, itching, known triggers.
- Choanal polyp – nasal polyp, often originating in the maxillary or ethmoid sinus; causes obstructed nasal breathing.
- Chronic rhinitis – inflammation of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis) persisting over a long period of time.
- Chronic sinusitis (sinusitis) – in children as chronic rhinosinusitis (simultaneous inflammation of the nasal mucosa (“rhinitis”) and the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses (“sinusitis“)) with polyps (Engl. “chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps“, CRSwNP) (rather rare in childhood); clinical picture: rhinorrhea (runny nose; running nose), hyposmia (decreased sense of smell), facial pressure or facial pain.
- Common cold (cold)
- Nasal furuncle (painful inflammation of the nasal entrance).
- Nasal turbinate hyperplasia – benign enlargement of the turbinates (usually the lower turbinates are affected).
- Nasal valve stenosis – narrowing of the nasal valves.
- Nasal septum deviation (nasal septum curvature).
- Polyposis nasi (nasal polyps; e.g., in cystic fibrosis (one in three children)).
- Septum abscess
- Septal hematoma (nasal septal hematoma/bloody effusion).
- Septal perforation (hole in the nasal septum).
- Vasomotor rhinitis (rhinitis vasomotorica; chronic, nonallergic, and noninfectious rhinitis).
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Cystic fibrosis (ZF) – genetic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by the production of secretions in various organs to be tamed.
Factors influencing health status and leading to health care utilization (Z00-Z99).
- Pollen allergy
- Mold allergy
Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99)
- Folliculitis (inflammation of the upper (outer) portion of a hair follicle).
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly Wegener’s granulomatosis – necrotizing (tissue dying) vasculitis (vascular inflammation) of the small to medium-sized vessels (small-vessel vasculitides), which is associated with granuloma formation (nodule formation) in the upper respiratory tract (nose, sinuses, middle ear, oropharynx) as well as the lower respiratory tract (lungs)
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Nasal carcinoma
- Paranasal sinus carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma).
- Juvenile angiofibroma – benign vascular tumor occurring in adolescents.
- Osteoma of the nose – benign bone tumor of the nose.
- Papilloma – benign neoplasm consisting of connective tissue.
- Rhinophyma – disease of the external nose associated with a reddened, bulbous thickening of the tip of the nose.
- Tumors of the nasopharynx (e.g., nasopharyngeal fibroma: livid, dermal tumor that bleeds easily; usually occurs in boys 10 years of age and older)
- Other nasal tumors, unspecified (e.g., melanoma, teratoma).
Injuries, poisonings, and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Foreign body, unspecified (in infants).
- Histamine intolerance (histaminosis) – see also under pseudoallergy (nonimmunologic reaction).
- Nasal pyramidal fracture (nasal bone fracture).
- Posttraumatic deformities – nasal malformations after injuries.
- Septum fracture (nasal septum fracture).
- Scarring after surgery
Medication
- Excessive use of decongestant nasal drops (= rhinitis medicamentosa).
Other differential diagnoses
- Nasal foreign body
- Tension or crooked nose
