Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99).
- Cysts of the glandulae seminales (seminal vesicles; congenital or acquired).
Blood, hematopoietic organs – immune system (D50-D90).
- Hemophilia/blood clotting disorders, unspecified.
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic disorders (E00-E90).
- Hyperuricemia (elevation of uric acid levels in the blood).
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99).
- Malignant hypertension – severe form of high blood pressure leading to kidney damage.
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Schistosomiasis – worm disease (tropical infectious disease) caused by trematodes (sucking worms) of the genus Schistosoma (couple flukes).
- Tuberculosis (consumption) of the genitourinary system.
- Other specific infections: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, cytomegalovirus.
Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts – Pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- Severe liver disease, such as cirrhosis ( irreversible damage to the liver and a pronounced remodeling of liver tissue).
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Malignant neoplasm of the urogenital system, unspecified.
- Urinary bladder carcinoma (bladder cancer).
- Testicular carcinoma (testicular cancer)
- Lymphoma / leukemia (blood cancer)
- Prostate carcinoma (cancer of the prostate gland) (patients > 40 years).
- Tumors of the small pelvis
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Bleeding of the vesicular glands (glandula vesiculosa, vesicula seminalis) and prostatic cysts.
- Epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis).
- Urethral stricture – narrowing of the urethra.
- Urinary tract infection, unspecified (commonly with Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter).
- Orchitis (testicular inflammation)
- Pathological changes of the urethra/bladder and prostate:
- Prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland) or prostatovesiculitis (inflammation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicle).
- Spermatocystitis (seminal vesicle inflammation).
- Urogenital tuberculosis
- Urethritis posterior (urethritis concerning the posterior urethra).
- Cysts of the glandulae seminales (congenital or acquired).
Injuries, poisoning, and other sequelae of external causes (S00-T98).
- Injuries (not remembered/not recognized) are frequently present
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99)
- Idiopathic hemospermia (50-70% of cases); ie, no causes of hemospermia are found
Other causes
- Iatrogenic (“caused by a physician”) – condition following surgical intervention on the genitourinary system (e.g., prostate puncture. shock wave lithotripsy); after prostate biopsy (removal of tissue from the prostate), more than 80 percent of men report hemospermia that lasts up to four weeks
- Sexual deviations (deviant sexual behavior): traumatization, for example, of
- Urethral injury due to too tight penile ring or insertion of foreign objects.
- Prostate injury due to stimulator
Medication
- Alteplase (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, rt-PA).
- Anticoagulants (anticoagulants).
- Coumarins (phenprocoumon* (product names: Marcumar, Falithrom); warfarin (product names: Coumadin, Marevan); acenocoumarol (product name: Sintrom).
- Direct inhibitors of thrombin (Argatroban, Lepirudin).
- Heparin analogues (fondaparinux).
- Heparins (certoparin, dalteparin, enoxaparin, nadroparin, reviparin, tinzaparin).
- Heparinoids (danaparoid
- Antiplatelet agents (abciximab, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), combination of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole, clopidogrel, eptifibatide, ilomedin (prostacyclin analog), prasugrel, ticagrelor, ticlopidine, tirofiban)
- New oral anticoagulants (NOAK; NOAC).
- Direct factor Xa inhibitor (apixaban, edoxaban, rivaroxaban).
- Direct and selective factor Xa inhibitor (apixaban).
- Selective thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran).
- NSAID (non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs) – acemetacin, etoricoxib, indometacin, ketoprofen, meloxicam, phenylbutazone, piroxicam.
