Infection with the flagellate “Trichomonas vaginalis” is a common sexually transmitted disease called trichomoniasis. At the end of the last century, there were an estimated 174 million new cases of trichomoniasis annually worldwide, including 11 million in Western Europe. Even though trichomoniasis is one of the rather harmless sexually transmitted diseases and causes symptoms in only about half of the infected women and even fewer men, it should be taken quite seriously. Pregnant women affected by trichomoniasis have an increased risk of premature birth and low birth weight of the child. It also appears to promote two-way transmission of the AIDS virus.
Of microbes and humans
Transmission of trichomoniasis occurs through direct mucosal contact, that is, sexual intercourse. Some reports talk about a 70% risk when having sex with an infected person. Although various sources repeatedly speak of other transmission routes such as water in public swimming pools, whirlpools, damp toilet seats or bath linen, these have probably not yet been proven beyond doubt. The probability is at least very low, since the flagellates are very sensitive and survive only very briefly outside humans, their only host.
The germ is found in about one in ten women of childbearing age and 20-30% of women with genital inflammation. This proves the wide distribution of the pathogen, as well as the fact that the infection often goes unnoticed and untreated, and thus becomes chronic. And so there is a risk that the parasite or flagellate will continue to be transmitted unknowingly.
Symptoms and course
The symptoms are in trichomoniasis in women predominantly due to vaginitis. This leads to redness of the genitals, white-greenish, unpleasant-smelling discharge, pronounced itching and possibly lower abdominal pain. Sexual intercourse and urination may be uncomfortable.
Symptoms in men are much rarer and less pronounced. The focus is on inflammation of the glans, urethra, prostate or bladder, which usually manifests itself as a slight burning sensation after urination or sexual intercourse. The discharge coming out of the urethra tends to be glassy.
Detection and therapy
The parasite is detected by smear from the vagina, urethra, or urine under the microscope, which is less often successful in men than in women. In cases of doubt, a culture can be taken. Treatment is with metronidazole, a well-acting antibiotic. As a rule, a single dose of tablets is sufficient.
The sexual partner should also be treated if trichomoniasis is present. Sexual abstinence is indicated during therapy. Once an infection has been contracted, it does not protect against recurrence, since the antibodies initially formed exist for only a few weeks.
To the point
- Trichomoniasis is the most common sexually transmitted disease worldwide.
- The infection occurs v.a. through sexual intercourse.
- It often runs without symptoms.
- A complete cure by means of antibiotics is possible.
- The sexual partners should also be treated.
- You can always get infected again.
- Condoms provide protection against infection.
