Products
Captopril was approved in many countries in 1980 as the first active ingredient in the ACE inhibitor group. The original Lopirin is now off the market. Generic products are available in tablet form.
Structure and properties
Captopril (C9H15NO3S, Mr = 217.3 g/mol) is a derivative of the amino acid proline. It exists as a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. A structural difference from other ACE inhibitors is the thiol group (-SH) in the molecule. Captopril was developed starting with peptides from the venom of the South American snake.
Effects
Captopril (ATC C09AA01) has antihypertensive properties and unloads the heart (preload and afterload). The effects are due to inhibition of the formation of angiotensin II from angiotensin I by inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Captopril thus abolishes the effects of antiogensin II.
Indications
- Hypertension
- Heart failure
- Long-term prophylaxis for condition after myocardial infarction.
- Diabetic nephropathy
Dosage
According to the professional information. The tablets can be taken independently of meals.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity (also to other ACE inhibitors).
- Previous angioedema under ACE inhibitors.
- Anuria
- Pregnancy and lactation
- Concurrent use of aliskiren in patients with diabetes mellitus or impaired renal function.
Full details of precautions and interactions can be found in the drug label.
Adverse effects
The most common possible adverse effects include a skin rash with itching, hair loss, taste disturbances, dizziness, fatigue, sleep disturbances, irritable cough, difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, and dry mouth.
