The following symptoms and complaints may indicate cardiogenic shock (CS):
- Systolic arterial blood pressure, persistent (sustained) at <90 mmHg, or need for catecholamine administration to maintain blood pressure at >90 mmHg. Note: In approximately 25% of patients in cardiogenic shock, blood pressure may also be just above the above limit due to peripheral vasoconstriction (vasoconstriction).
- Pulmonary congestion (pulmonary congestion; optional invasive evidence of reduced cardiac index (= cardiac output/body surface area (m2)) and increased pulmonary capillary occlusion pressures).
- At least one sign of end-organ diminished perfusion (end-organ diminished blood flow) such as.
- Oliguria (urine output max. 500 ml/day) or anuria (lack of urine output; max. 100 ml/day).
- Pale, cold extremities / skin
- Arterial lactate > 2.0 mmol/l
