Caries: Diagnostic Tests

Usually, X-rays, so-called bitewing radiographs or dental film radiographs of individual teeth are taken to diagnose interdental caries (caries between the teeth).

Bite wing techniques can be used to classify caries:

  • D0 – no caries
  • D1 – radiolucency in the outer half of the enamel.
  • D2 – radiolucency up to inner half of the enamel.
  • D3 – radiolucency up to the outer half of dentin.
  • D4 – radiolucency to the inner half of the dentin.

Other supporting diagnostic equipment may be used:

  • Electrical resistance measurement – diagnosis of fissure caries (caries form originating from the fissures (dimples in the occlusal relief of the posterior teeth) on the occlusal surface (chewing surface) of the affected tooth).
  • Sonography (ultrasound examination)
  • Fiberoptic transillumination (FOTI): fluoroscopy of the tooth to detect hard substance changes – dentin or enamel cavitations (lat. cavitare = to hollow out) in the approximal region (area of neighboring tooth contacts).
  • Laser fluorescence – diagnostics of initial enamel caries.