Cefaclor

Products

Cefaclor is commercially available as sustained-release film-coated tablets and as a suspension (Ceclor). It has been approved in many countries since 1978.

Structure and properties

Cefaclor monohydrate (C15H14ClN3O4S – H2O, Mr = 385.8) is a white to pale yellow powder that is sparingly soluble in water. It is a semisynthetic antibiotic and has structural similarities to cephalexin, a 1st generation cephalosporin. The methyl group of cephalexin is replaced by a chlorine, which increases its antibacterial activity.

Effects

Cefaclor (ATC J01DC04) has bactericidal properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Like other cephalosporins, it inhibits pathogen cell wall synthesis.

Indications

Cefaclor is used to treat bacterial infectious diseases, including respiratory infections such as pneumonia, acute bronchitis, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, strep throat, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media, skin and soft tissue infections, and acute and chronic urinary tract infections, cystitis, and pyelonephritis. Possible resistance of pathogens must be considered.

Dosage

Cefaclor may be taken with meals or independently of meals. The sustained-release tablets should be taken with meals.

Contraindications

Full precautions can be found in the drug label.

Interactions

Interactions are possible with warfarin, probenecid, oral contraceptives, and chloramphenicol. There is an increased risk of nephrotoxicity with concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs. Absorption may be reduced by antacids.

Adverse effects

The most common potential adverse effects include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, flatulence, soft stools, and diarrhea. Allergic reactions such as skin rashes are also common.