Cerebellum
The cerebellum as a part of the brain lies on the brain stem at its back and is connected to it by three cerebellar peduncles (pedunculi = feet). From the rest of the brain (cerebrum), under which the cerebellum is located, it is separated by a cerebral plate (tentorium cerebelli, tentorium = tent). The cerebellum is divided into the central cerebellar worm (vermis), which is surrounded on each side by a cerebellar hemisphere.
Connected to the worm is the flocculus (flocculus = small tarp). The surface of the cerebellum consists of furrows and turns, which allow a division into lobes. The brain stem of the brain is responsible for the regulation of vital processes such as sleep, breathing, blood pressure or micturition.
a) Midbrain: In the midbrain (brain stem), ascending pathways run to the brain and descending pathways to the spinal cord. It also plays a role in the perception of pain with the central cavernous grey as part of the limbic system. The substantia nigra plays a role in the motor system, the nucleus ruber in the coordination of muscle movements and muscle tension (muscle tone).
The brain is involved in visual processes (eye movements, visual reflexes) as well as hearing processes (auditory reflexes) via the four hill plate. b) Bridge: In the bridge, signals are switched to the cerebellum. c) Extended medulla: The extended medulla (brain stem) and the reticular format are important reflex and coordination centers of the brain.
The pyramidal tracts (tractus corticospinalis) provide the connection between the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord to regulate muscular work. The olive system is formed as a switching station between motor system and cerebellum. The Formatio reticularis (brain stem) is found in the midbrain, as well as in the bridge and extended medulla.
Its task is the regulation of vegetative and affective processes.Connections exist to the limbic system (mood), the cerebral cortex (consciousness, falling asleep, waking up, arousal), the spinal cord (pain suppression, motor processes), sensory systems and motor nerve stations (muscle tension, coordination of stereotypical movements, control of eye movements). Furthermore, the reticular formatio is involved in reflexes, including the swallowing, sucking, corneal, vestibular, oculomotor and digestive secretion reflexes. d) Cerebellum: The cerebellum, as a part of the brain, plays a role in the coordination and regulation of muscular movements including muscle tension (mucous tonus) as well as the timing of movements.
Together with the labyrinthine organ (organ of equilibrium), it ensures balance. To perform all these tasks, the cerebellum receives visual (vision), auditory (hearing), vestibular (balance), proprioceptive (depth sensitivity) and exteroceptive (touch, vibration, pressure, pain, temperature) information.
