To date, there are no intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) for choline intake from the German Nutrition Society (DGE). The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published adequate intakes for choline in 2016, which can be considered as European reference values:
Adequate intakes
Age | Choline |
(mg/day) | |
Infants | |
7-11 months | 160 |
Children | |
1-3 years | 140 |
4-6 years | 170 |
7-10 years | 250 |
11-14 years | 340 |
Adolescents and adults | |
15-17 years | 400 |
18 years and older | 400 |
Pregnant | 480 |
Breastfeeding | 520 |