In stages 1 and 2, there are usually no symptoms of chronic renal failure (chronic renal insufficiency) or chronic kidney disease.
Then, from stage 3, the following symptoms and complaints become more prominent:
- Anemia (anemia)
- Anorexia (loss of appetite)
- Energy loss
- Fractures (broken bones)
- Hyperkalemia (excess potassium)
- Hypernatremia (excess sodium)
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Hypocalcemia (calcium deficiency) or hypercalcemia (calcium excess).
- Hypophosphatemia (phosphate deficiency)
- Bone pain
- Headache
- Metabolic acidosis – metabolic acidification of the blood.
- Fatigue
- Neuropathy (diseases of the peripheral nervous system).
- Edema (water retention)
- Osteomalacia (softening of the bones)
- Pruritus (itching), uremic
- Sleep disturbances
- Reduced nutritional status
- Nausea and vomiting
- Excess volume
Stage 5 symptoms show the intoxication of the body with the urinary substances:
- Secondary amenorrhea – absence of menstrual bleeding (longer than 3 months, after an already regular cycle).
- Blood sugar fluctuations
- Diarrhea (diarrhea)
- Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
- Foetor ex ore (bad breath)
- Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach
- Brownish-yellow skin color (café-au-lait color).
- Coagulation disorders
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Hyperlipidemia (lipid metabolism disorder) – too high blood lipid levels.
- Impotence
- Colitis (inflammation of the intestine)
- Seizure
- Kußmaul’s breathing – breathing form with regular deep breaths (due tohyperacidity in diabetes mellitus and metabolic derailment/diabetic ketoacidosis).
- Pulmonary edema – accumulation of water in the lungs.
- Myopathy (muscle pain)
- Osteoporosis (bone loss)
- Parotitis (inflammation of the parotid gland)
- Pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium)
- Psychomotor agitation
- Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) – Abnormal sensations mostly in the lower extremities and associated urge to move (motor restlessness).
- Secondary hyperparathyroidism – hyperparathyroidism (overproduction of parathyroid hormone) resulting in increased calcium levels, kidney stones, renal colic, cardiac arrhythmias and more.
- Somnolence – abnormal sleepiness.
- Stomatitis (inflammation of the oral mucosa)
