The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed to by chronic myeloid leukemia (CML):
Respiratory system (J00-J99)
- Pulmonary insufficiency – inability of the lungs to perform adequate gas exchange.
Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59).
- Visual disturbances due to vascular occlusion
Blood, hematopoietic organs – immune system (D50-D90)
- Anemia (anemia)
- Thrombocytopenia – abnormal reduction of platelets in the blood.
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)
- Apoplexy (stroke)
- Cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease)
- Peripheral vascular occlusion
- Thrombosis – occlusion of a vein by a blood clot.
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Infections of all kinds
- Sepsis (blood poisoning)
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (Coo-D48).
- Recurrence – recurrence of the disease.
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Renal insufficiency/Uremia – renal weakness or failure/occurrence of urinary substances in the blood above normal values.
Prognostic factors
- Older age at diagnosis* .
- Increased blast counts in peripheral blood* .
- Lower platelet counts*
- More severe splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen)* .
- Smoking doubles the mortality risk (risk of death) of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (hazard ratio (HR) of 2.08 (95% confidence interval between 1.4 and 3.1; p < 0.001); overall survival probability at eight years
- Nonsmokers 87% (95% confidence interval: 84-89%).
- Smokers 83% (95% confidence interval: 78-88%)
-
EUTOS score (The European Treatment and Outcome Study) = % basophils in peripheral blood x 7 + spleen size (under the costal arch) in cm x 4.
The probability of achieving complete cytogenetic remission is better with an EUTOS score < 87.
* Associated with significantly shorter long-term survival during therapy with imatinib.
