Graduation of chronic pain according to von Korff et al.
Grade | Description |
0 | No pain (no pain in the past six months) |
I | Pain with low pain-related functional impairment and low intensity (pain intensity <50 and less than 3 points of pain-related impairment) |
II | Pain with low pain-related functional impairment and higher intensity: (pain intensity > 50 and less than 3 points of pain-related impairment) |
III | Moderate pain-related functional impairment (3-4 points of pain-related impairment, regardless of pain intensity) |
IV | High pain-related functional impairment (5-6 points of pain-related impairment, regardless of pain intensity) |
Classification of nociceptive pain versus neuropathic pain.
Nociceptive pain | Neuropathic pain | |
Cause of pain |
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Pain character/quality |
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Sensitive restrictions |
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Hypersensitivity |
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Motor constraints |
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Autonomous symptoms |
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Classification of neuropathic pain (NPS).
Peripheral neuropathies | Diabetic and alcoholic neuropathies, Sudeck’s disease (complex regional pain syndrome, CRPS), nerve bottleneck syndromes, phantom limb pain, postzoster neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia; neuropathic pain syndromes due to HIV, storage diseases, or deficiency states |
Central neuropathies | After cerebral infarctions or multiple sclerosis (MS). |
Mixed pain syndrome | Chronic nonspecific low back pain, low back leg pain, tumor pain, and CRPS |