Obligatory medical device diagnostics.
- Duplex sonography (ultrasound examination: combination of a sonographic cross-sectional image (B-scan) and the Doppler sonography method; medical imaging technique that can dynamically visualize fluid flows (especially blood flow)) [perforator insufficiencies?]
- Color duplex sonography [localization of insufficient venous valves and perforating veins (connections between superficial and deep venous systems)]
Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Ascending press phlebography – before surgical therapy (gold standard).
