Color vision disorder (synonyms: Color vision disorder; color vision deficiency; ICD-10-GM H53.5: Color vision disorders) refers to color vision deficiency and color blindness to various colors.
Color vision disorders include:
- Achromatopsia or achondroplasia – total color blindness, meaning that no colors can be perceived, only contrasts (light-dark).
- Deuteranomaly (green deficiency (green cones degenerated); 5%).
- Deuteranopia (green blindness (green cones absent); 1%).
- Acquired color vision disorders
- Complete color blindness
- Protanomaly (red deficiency (red cone degenerate); 1%).
- Protanopia (red blindness (red cones absent); 1%).
- Tritanomaly (blue-yellow deficiency; < 1 in 10,000).
- Tritanopia (blue-blindness (blue cones absent); 0.002% of males and 0.001% of females)
It is possible to distinguish color deficiency from color blindness. Similarly, congenital can be distinguished from acquired forms. The most common congenital color vision deficiency is red-green vision deficiency. The most common acquired color vision disorder is blue-yellow vision deficiency. Complete color blindness is very rare.
Sex ratio: males are affected significantly more often than females.
In red-green vision loss, men are affected more often, at approximately eight percent, than women, at 0.4%.
