Craniomandibular dysfunction has been relatively unknown to date.This fact means that often complaints indicating CMD cannot be linked to CMD.This makes comprehensive diagnostics all the more important.
Clinical functional analysis
It is not possible to determine disorders in the craniomandibular system without a functional analysis.Further steps can be derived from the results of a clinical functional analysis, such as instrumental functional analysis or the use of consultative or imaging procedures.
Clinical functional analysis includes the following examination methods:
- Inspection (viewing)
- Palpation (palpation)
- Auscultation (listening)
It provides information about changes in the following structures:
- Dental hard tissues
- Occlusion (tooth contacts)
- Periodontium (periodontal apparatus)
- Masticatory and auxiliary muscles
- Temporomandibular joints
Instrumental functional analysis
To be able to check the occlusion (tooth contacts), an instrumental functional analysis is necessary. The analyses are performed on the plaster model and allow conclusions to be drawn about the condition of the musculature and temporomandibular joints.
From the results, it is possible to determine whether there are any disorders.
Imaging techniques
For a clear diagnosis, imaging means should not be dispensed with.Here, the following possibilities exist.
X-ray technology
- Transcranial X-ray technique
- Panoramic tomographic imaging
- Lateral tomography
- Computed tomography (CT)
- Arthrography
Other options
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Sonography
- Arthroscopy
In the course of a functional analysis, panaroma imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography and arthroscopy are of great importance.
Consiliary procedures
Causes of CMD also include non-dental factors that must be considered when making a diagnosis.
Psychological factors may exist and it must be clarified whether and to what extent they are or were involved in the development of CMD.The same is true for orthopedic influences, such as poor posture or misalignment.
A specialist should check these factors.
One method of examining the spine is 3D spinal measurement – this provides information about anatomical changes in the back and spine without exposure to radiation. Furthermore, the measurement method captures the interrelationships of the spine, pelvis and back, providing an accurate picture of the body’s statics.
