Cytomegaly: Complications

The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be caused by infections with cytomegalovirus:

Prenatal infection

Respiratory System (J00-J99).

Pneumonia (pneumonia); in this case: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia; acutely threatening to immunocompromised patients (eg, organ transplant; stem cell transplant; HIV).

Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59).

Amaurosis (blindness)
CMV retinitis/retinitis (esp. in HIV).
Cataract (lens opacity) – as a result of CMV retinitis (retinitis caused by the cytomegalovirus).
Microphthalmos – too small eyeball.

Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).

Diarrhea (diarrhea)
Sialadenitis (50% of cases sialadenal fetopathy/disease of a fetus due to fetal damage during the fetal period, which in humans lasts from the beginning of the 9th week of pregnancy (SSW) until birth).
Ulcus ventriculi (gastric ulcer; rare in immunocompetent individuals).
Dental defects

Ears – mastoid process (H60-H95)

Sensorineuronal hearing loss (up to deafness; about 10% of asymptomatically infected newborns develop unilateral or bilateral sensorineural hearing loss).

Psyche – Nervous System (F00-F99; G00-G99).

Learning delay
Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) with calcifications, which in turn can lead to seizures, paralysis or the like

Pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium (O00-O99).

Abortion (miscarriage)
- Primary infection periconceptional (initial infection around the date of conception) → abortion 17-90%.
- Primary infection in the 1st trimester (third trimester) → abortion about 20%.
- Primary infection in the 2nd trimester → abortion about 3%.

Respiratory system (J00-J99)

Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)

Mouth, esophagus (esophagus), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).

Sialadenitis (infection in the first year of life shows only 10% salivary gland involvement).

Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).

Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)

Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) with calcifications, which in turn can lead to seizures, paralysis, or similar conditions
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS; synonyms: Idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis, Landry-Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome); two courses: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (disease of the peripheral nervous system); idiopathic polyneuritis (diseases of multiple nerves) of the spinal nerve roots and peripheral nerves with ascending paralysis and pain; usually occurs after infections.

Further