Products
Various eye drops containing dexamethasone as suspensions and solutions are commercially available in many countries (Dexafree UD, Maxidex, Spersadex mono, combination products).
Structure and properties
Dexamethasone (C22H29FO5, Mr = 392.5 g/mol) exists as a white, crystalline, and odorless powder that is practically insoluble in water and is therefore prepared as a suspension. The solutions contain dexamethasone dihydrogen phosphate disodium, which is readily soluble in water. Dexamethasone is a fluorinated and methylated derivative of prednisolone.
Effects
Dexamethasone (ATC S01BA01) has potent anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and immunosuppressive properties. The effects are due to binding to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors. Dexamethasone is mineralocorticoid only to a very small extent.
Indications
For the treatment of noninfectious inflammation of the anterior segment of the eye.
Dosage
According to the professional information leaflet. The drops are usually placed in the eyes several times a day. The duration of treatment should not exceed two weeks. See also under Administering eye drops. The suspensions must be shaken before use.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
- Eye infections such as viral infections, fungal infections, ocular tuberculosis and bacterial infections.
- Injuries and ulcerative processes of the cornea
- Glaucoma
- After uncomplicated removal of foreign bodies.
- Newborns, children under two years
Full precautions can be found in the drug label.
Interactions
Interactions have been described with beta-blocker eye drops, mydriatics, and antiglaucomatous agents. Other eye drops should be administered 15 minutes apart.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include increased intraocular pressure, infection, cataracts, and delayed wound healing.
