Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99).
- Hereditary motor-sensitive neuropathy type I (HMSN I; from English, “hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies” (HNPP); synonyms: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), English Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease) – chronic neuropathy inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, resulting in motor and sensory deficits.
Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90).
- Pernicious anemia – anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency.
- Porphyria or acute intermittent porphyria (AIP); genetic disease with autosomal dominant inheritance; patients with this disease have a 50% reduction in the activity of the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-D), which is sufficient for porphyrin synthesis. Triggers of a porphyria attack, which can last a few days but also months, are infections, drugs or alcohol. The clinical picture of these attacks presents as acute abdomen or neurological deficits, which can take a lethal course. The leading symptoms of acute porphyria are intermittent neurologic and psychiatric disturbances. Autonomic neuropathy is often in the foreground, causing abdominal colic (acute abdomen), nausea (nausea), vomiting or constipation (constipation), as well as tachycardia (heartbeat too fast: > 100 beats per minute) and labile hypertension (high blood pressure).
- Sarcoidosis (synonyms: Boeck’s disease; Schaumann-Besnier’s disease) – systemic disease of connective tissue with granuloma formation.
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Amyloidosis – extracellular (“outside the cell”) deposits of amyloids (degradation-resistant proteins) that can lead to cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease), neuropathy (peripheral nervous system disease), and hepatomegaly (liver enlargement), among other conditions
- Folic acid deficiency
- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland)
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)
- Vasculitis (vascular inflammation)
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Lyme disease – infectious disease caused by bacteria and transmitted to humans by ticks.
- HIV infection
- Leprosy – chronic tropical infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Leukemia (blood cancer)
- Lymphoma – malignant proliferation of lymphoid tissue.
- Paraneoplastic syndromes (e.g., myeloma, leukemia) – a wide variety of symptoms that may result from a malignant tumor.
- Plasmocytoma – generalized disease with excessive formation of malignant plasma cells.
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)
- Alcohol abuse (alcohol dependence)
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth – neuromuscular disease (hereditary) that leads to degeneration of muscles.
- Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).
- Chronic polyneuritis – inflammatory disease of multiple nerves.
- Critical illness neuropathy – neuropathy (disease of the peripheral nervous system) that may occur in the course of therapy of critically ill patients.
- Bottleneck neuropathy (peripheral nerve disease) due to nerve compression.
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS; synonyms: Idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis, Landry-Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome); two courses: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (peripheral nerve disease); idiopathic polyneuritis (multiple nerve disease) of spinal nerve roots and peripheral nerves with ascending paralysis and pain; usually occurs after infection
- Neuroborreliosis – disease symptoms of the nervous system caused by Lyme disease.
- Neuropathy (disease of the peripheral nervous system) with distal symmetrical distribution type:
- Toxic polyneuropathy due to alcohol or drugs.
- Deficiency neuropathy due to vitamin B deficiency or malabsorption
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Uremia (occurrence of urinary substances in the blood above normal levels).
Medication → toxic polyneuropathy
- Anti-infectives (drugs used in the therapy of infectious diseases) – quinolones/fluoroquinolones/gyrase inhibitors (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin), chloroquine, dapsone, dideoxycytidine, isoniazid, nitrofurantoin, metronidazole, thalidomide.
- Antirheumatic drugs and immunosuppressants – chloroquine, colchicine, gold, tacrolimus.
- Psychiatric medication and sedatives – disulfiram, lithium.
- Phenytoin
- Reverse transcriptase inhibitors – drugs used in HIV therapy.
- Cytostatic drugs (chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIN)) – drugs such as vincristine, cisplatin, vinca alkaloids, taxanes, or proteasome inhibitors used in cancer therapy
Environmental exposures – intoxications (poisonings) → toxic polyneuropathy.
- Acrylamide – formed during frying, grilling and baking; used in the production of polymers and dyes.
- Alcohol (= alcohol-associated polyneuropathy) → sensitive symptoms, such as numbness, stinging, or unsteadiness of gait.
- Arsenic
- Hydrocarbons
- Nitrous oxide (due to chronic abuse with the party drug laughing gas).
- Heavy metals such as lead, thallium, mercury.
- Carbon disulfide
- Trichloroethylene
- Triorthocresyl phosphate (TKP)
- Bismuth (due tobismuth-containing dental material or in the case of long-term treatment with bismuth preparations).
