Diagnosis
The diagnosis is made step by step. First the doctor clarifies whether the lump is permanent or only after the bowel movement. The painfulness is also an important indication.
Then an inspection takes place and the doctor checks whether signs of inflammation are visible and whether the lump is recognizable. To check whether a malignant disease is present, the doctor can perform a digital rectal examination in which the anus is palpated with the finger up to the middle sphincter. If the findings are unclear, a biopsy (tissue sample) can also be taken.
The first point of contact is usually the family doctor, who can also treat some causes directly himself. In the case of abscesses or haemorrhoids, a referral to a surgeon may be necessary. A proctological examination may also be useful to clarify malignant diseases. Gynaecologists can also take over the initial treatment if the women feel more comfortable with their gynaecologist. Depending on the cause, a different doctor may be necessary for further treatment, but the initial examination can always be carried out by the family doctor.
Associated symptoms
If an abscess or other inflammation is the cause of the bump, there are five typical symptoms. The first main symptom is the pain, which is also called dolor in the technical language and is often the reason for a visit to the doctor. The second symptom is swelling, whereby the term tumour does not mean cancer.
Increased blood circulation leads to redness and warming, called rubor and calor. An inflammation of the anus can also be reported as a functional impairment, Functio laesa, as the defecation becomes very unpleasant. Other causes of a bump can also lead to itching.
In the case of a malignant disease, affected persons can report the so-called B-symptomatic. These include severe, unintended weight loss, fever and night sweats. In this case, it is essential to clarify a possible tumour disease.
Depending on the position of the bump, there may also be a disturbed emptying. This can mean both constipation and diarrhoea. Fecal incontinence is also possible.
In the case of haemorrhoids due to a backlog of blood in liver diseases, the typical liver symptoms, such as a yellowing of the skin and a water belly, are possible. Allergic reactions, for example to new underwear, can cause an itchy rash. Itching is also sometimes described in haemorrhoids.
Some sexually transmitted diseases can also lead to itchy nodules in the anal region. The itching can usually be calmed by ointments, but the cause should still be sought. Some parasitic diseases also cause severe itching in the anal area. Itching and the scratching associated with it can lead to entry ports for bacteria, which can lead to further symptoms.
