Products
Diclofenac eye drops are commercially available from several manufacturers (Dicloabak, Difen-Stulln, Voltaren Ophtha). They have been approved in many countries since 1994. Because of the potential adverse effects of preservatives on the eye, unpreserved monodoses for single use are also available. Furthermore, dicloabak was launched in many countries in 2012. This is a 10-ml vial with an integrated filter membrane (0.2 µm) that protects the eye drops from bacterial contamination during use and thus also does not require preservatives.
Structure and properties
Diclofenac is present in the eye drops in the form of the sodium salt diclofenac sodium (C14H10Cl2NNaO2, Mr = 318.1 g/mol), a white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water.
Effects
Diclofenac (ATC S01BC03) has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in the eye. During cataract surgery, it further inhibits constriction of the pupil. The effects are due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.
Indications
Diclofenac eye drops are used to prevent and treat inflammatory and painful conditions of the eye. They are used in the context of cataract surgery, ophthalmic surgery, and after injury, among other procedures. Another area of application is snow blindness or sweat blindness.
Dosage
According to the professional information and indication. The usual dose is 1 drop 3 to 5 times daily. See also under Administering eye drops.
Contraindications
Diclofenac eye drops are contraindicated in hypersensitivity. For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Concurrent use of glucocorticoid eye drops increases the risk of adverse corneal effects.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include local reactions such as irritation, pain, burning, redness, and blurred vision. Rarely, corneal damage such as keratitis punctata and corneal changes are observed. Systemic adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting and and hypersensitivity reactions are rare.
