Products
Dimenhydrinate is commercially available in the form of tablets, dragées, [chewing gum dragées>chewing gum], and capsules, among others. Since 2012, a combination with the calcium channel blocker cinnarizine has been approved in many countries (Arlevert) see under Cinnarizine and Dimenhydrinate.
Structure and properties
Dimenhydrinate (C24H28ClN5O3, Mr = 470.0 g/mol) is the salt of diphenhydramine with chlorotheophyllin. It exists as a white crystalline powder or as colorless crystals and is sparingly soluble in water.
Effects
Dimenhydrinate (ATC A04AB02) has antivertiginous, antiemetic, anticholinergic, central depressant, and antihistamine properties. Effects include antagonism at histamine receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. The duration of action is usually between 3 to 6 hours.
Indications
For the prevention and treatment of:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Motion sickness
Abuse
Dimenhydrinate can be abused as a depressant and hallucinogenic intoxicant.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. The drug is usually administered between one to four times daily.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
- Narrow-angle glaucoma
- Prostate enlargement with residual urine formation
- Acute asthma attack
- Porphyria
- Epilepsy
- Pheochromocytoma
For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Drug-drug interactions have been described with central depressant drugs, MAO inhibitors, antidepressants, anticholinergics, antihypertensives, drugs that prolong the QT interval, and alcohol.
Adverse effects
The most common possible adverse effects include drowsiness, dizziness, dizziness, muscle weakness, visual disturbances, an increase in intraocular pressure, and a rapid heartbeat. It is recommended that antihistamines be used with caution in children and the elderly.
