Dislocation, Sprain and Strain of the Joints and Ligaments of Upper Ankle and Foot: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps:

  • General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further:
    • Examination of the affected joints, including side-by-side comparison with examination of the extent of movement [pain; restriction of movement (occurrence painful to impossible); swelling (edema), formation of a hematoma (bruise)].
    • Inspection (viewing) of the skin and mucous membranes.
    • Auscultation (listening) of the heart
    • Auscultation of the lungs
  • Orthopedic examination[due todifferential diagnoses:
    • Fracture (fracture) of the upper ankle/foot, unspecified.
    • Cartilage/bone injuries, unspecified.
    • Luxation (dislocation), unspecified
    • Sprain (twisting; distortion), unspecified
    • Strain, unspecified]

    [due topossible sequelae: recurrent dislocations (recurrent dislocations)]

Square brackets [ ] indicate possible pathological (pathological) physical findings.