To prevent xerostomia (dry mouth), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors.Behavioral risk factors
- Mouth breathing
- Stress
Medication
- ACE inhibitors (benazepril, captopril, cilazapril, enalapril, fosinopril, imidapril, lisinopril, moexipril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, spirapril, trandolapril, zofenopril).
- Alpha-2 agonists (apraclonidine, brimonidine, clonidine).
- Alpha-1 receptor blockers (bunazosin, doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin).
- Anorectic (sibutramine).
- Anti-allergic (H1 antihistamines)
- Anticholinergics (ipratropium bromide) [via peripheral receptor blockade].
- See also under “Anticholinergic action by drugs” if applicable.
- Antidepressants [via central receptor blockade].
- Atypical antidepressants (duloxetine, mirtazapine, reboxetine, trazodone, venlafaxine, viloxasine).
- Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, butriptyline, cianopramine, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, iprindole, melitrace, nortriptyline, opipramol, protriptyline, trimipramine).
- Antiemetics (dimenhydrinate, scopolamine).
- Antiepileptic drugs (gabapentin)
- Antihistamines (clemastine, dimetindene).
- Antiparkinsonian drugs
- Anticholinergics (belladonna whole extract, benzatropine, biperiden, bornaprin, metixen, pridinol, procyclidine, scopolamine, trihexyphenidyl).
- Dopaminergic substances (amantadine, apomorphine, bromocriptine, cabergoline, alpha-dihydroergocryptine, levodopa, lisuride, memantine, pergolide, pramipexole, ropinirole).
- Antipsychotics (neuroleptics).
- Conventional (Classical) antipsychotics (neuroleptics).
- Tricyclic neuroleptics – phenothiazine type (levomepromazine, triflupromazine).
- Conventional (Classical) antipsychotics (neuroleptics).
- Antisympathotonics (α-methyldopa).
- Anxiolytics (azapirone)
- Beta-blockers (metoprolol)
- Bronchodilators (β2-mimetics) – salbutamol, terbutaline).
- Carboanhydrase inhibitors, local (brinzolamide, dorzolamide).
- Diuretics
- Loop diuretics (azosemide, bumetanide, etacrynic acid, etozolin, furosemide, piretanide, torasemide).
- Thiazide diuretics (benzthiazide, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), hydroflumethiazide, methyclothiazide, polythiazide, trichloromethiazide).
- Dopamine agonists (bromocriptine, cabergoline, lisuride).
- Dopamine antagonists (butyrophenones: haloperidol).
- Drugs – amphetamines (alpha-methylphenethylamine, also phenylisopropylamine or speed), tetrahydrocannabinol.
- Hypnotics
- Magnesium sulfate
- Narcotics, centrally acting analgesics.
- Parasympatholytics (atropine)
- Perchlorates (perchlorate)
- Sedatives
- Spasmolytics (butylscopolamine)
- Sympathomimetics, indirect (amphetamines).
- Cytostatics
Note: Sometimes a change of medication is possible and can thus lead to improvement of symptoms.