Products
Enoxaparin is commercially available as a solution for injection (Clexane). It has been approved in many countries since 1988. Biosimilars were released in the EU in 2016 and in many countries in 2020 (Inhixa).
Structure and properties
Enoxaparin is present in the drug as enoxaparin sodium, the sodium salt of a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) obtained by alkaline depolymerization of the benzyl ester derivatives of heparin from porcine intestinal mucosa. It has an average molecular mass of 4500 Da.
Effects
Enoxaparin (ATC B01AB05) has antithrombotic and thrombolytic properties. The effects are due to binding and activation of antithrombin III. Antithrombin III, in turn, inactivates clotting factor Xa. As a result, less fibrin is formed from fibrinogen. Unlike standard heparin, factor IIa (thrombin) is less inhibited and enoxaparin has a longer half-life.
Indications
For prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disease.
Dosage
According to the drug label. The drug is usually administered subcutaneously.
Contraindications
Refer to the drug label for complete precautions.
Interactions
Drug-drug interactions are possible with agents that affect blood clotting. Co-administration increases the risk of bleeding.
Adverse effects
The most common adverse effects include bleeding.
