Introduction
Basically every person has a certain tremor, which manifests itself in the form of slight trembling. However, the normal, physiological tremor is usually not noticeable because it is too weak. However, there are several diseases, such as Parkinson’s, which can cause increased tremor.
Among these types of tremor, the essential tremor stands out, as it can be distinguished from the others by the fact that it is usually accompanied by no other diseases or symptoms. Essential tremor is also the most common form of known tremor. In about 60% of cases, a genetic cause is assumed. Due to the dominant mode of inheritance, in which even one gene leads to the onset of the disease, large parts of a family are usually affected by essential tremor.
Causes
New studies show that approximately 60% of cases of essential tremor are due to genetic causes associated with changes on chromosomes 2, 3 and 6. The inheritance is autosomal dominant. This means that only one defective gene must be present for the disease to break out.
However, the disease can also occur spontaneously without any changes in the genetic material being found. It is assumed that neuronal dysfunctions, such as the lack of inhibition of certain nerves or disorders in areas of the cerebellum, lead to the typical tremor symptoms. These dysfunctions usually only develop in the course of development, which is evident from the fact that children are only very rarely affected and the disease does not develop until they reach the age of 20.
The course is usually progressive, so that the tremor becomes stronger over time. It is not possible to say that an essential tremor is inherited over time. However, studies have shown that essential tremor occurs in the family of many patients.
It is assumed that in about 60% of all people suffering from essential tremor, the disease is inherited. However, the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Presumably, there are certain sections of DNA that are passed on from the affected parent to the child.
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