Evaluation of a thyroid biopsy

The tissue samples are evaluated by a pathologist. The pathologist examines the cells obtained from the sample for possible malignant characteristics. The result is classified according to the tumor cells found.

A distinction is made as to whether tumor cells can definitely be displayed or whether they are still only suspected. In addition, benign cells may also be found. In some cases, an immunocystochemical staining of the material is also necessary, in which the different components of the sample are stained differently.

The following 5 categories have to be distinguished in the evaluation of a thyroid tissue sample The unambiguous diagnosis is then made taking into account all examinations (physical examination, laboratory values, biopsy, imaging, etc.).

Thyroid carcinoma – What are the signs?
Diseases of the thyroid gland
Insufficient sample material
Tumor cells not detectable
Follicular neoplasia of unclear dignity (changes in the cells can be observed, but neither benignity nor malignancy is established)
Suspected presence of tumor cells
Tumor cells are detectable

Depending on the workload of the laboratory, it can take different lengths of time until the result reaches the examining doctor again. Usually about 1-3 working days after taking the sample.In rare cases, however, it can take up to 2 weeks until the final result is available. In a personal consultation, the results are then discussed with the patient and, if necessary, therapy planning is started.

What are the risks of thyroid biopsy?

The thyroid biopsy is a low complication examination. Nevertheless, there may be some risks which the patient must be informed about in advance. Possible complications may include: Patients taking blood-thinning medication (so-called anticoagulants) should discuss this with their treating physician prior to the procedure. It may be necessary to pause taking the medication or switch to a different drug at short notice to reduce the risk of bleeding.

Moderate pain
A swelling in the area where the sample was taken
Light bleeding
Rarely: Infections and inflammation.