The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by a femoral neck fracture (femoral neck fracture):
Respiratory system (J00-J99)
- Pneumonia (pneumonia; occurs especially in geriatric patients).
- 1.2% of patients already suffered from pneumonia at the time of surgery; this was associated with an increased rate of complications (relative risk [RR] = 1.44), severe complications (RR = 1.79), and death (RR = 2.08)
Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99).
- Decubitus (pressure ulcer) due to immobilization.
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)
- Embolism – occlusion of a blood vessel by a thrombus.
- Thrombosis (occlusion of a blood vessel) (ipsilateral leg/leg on the same side).
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Osteoarthritis (joint wear and tear)
- Femoral head necrosis – tissue death at the joint head of the femur due to an undersupply of blood.
- Pseudarthrosis – delayed bone healing after a bone fracture with the formation of a false joint.
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Chronic pain in multiple body regions (“chronic widespread pain,” CWP): pain that persists for more than three months and affects the axial skeleton, right and left sides of the body, and regions above and below the waist:
- Vertebral fractures: 2.7- in men, 2.1-fold increase in CWP in women.
- Hip fractures in women:2.2-fold CWP increase.
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – sex organs) (N00-N99).
- Urinary tract infection
Injuries, poisonings, and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Permanent deformity; shortening of the leg.
- Secondary dislocation of the fracture – fracture ends slipping in the course.
- Second femoral neck fracture
Further
- Wound healing disorders
Prognostic factors
- Waiting time to surgery: the prognosis of elderly patients with hip fracture worsens with waiting time to surgery. According to one study, the risk of dying within the next year increased by about 5% for every 10 hours of additional waiting time.
- In patients with hip fracture, preoperative hypoalbuminemia is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications and increased mortality (morbidity).
