Femoral neck

The femoral neck (collum femoris) is the anatomical section of the femur that connects the shaft (corpus femoris) with the head (caput femoris). A certain angle is formed between the collum and the corpus femoris (the collum-diaphyseal angle), which should be between 125 and 135 degrees. On the one hand, the neck of the femur is exposed to large forces (transfer of force from the trunk and upper extremity to the lower extremity), on the other hand, the neck of the femur represents an additional anatomical weakness. As a result, fractures of the neck of the femur are often traumatic (due to inadequate use of force) or osteoporotic (especially in falls of the elderly). Depending on their genesis, these are usually treated surgically with plates and writing, or directly as endoprostheses.

Thigh Musculature

The muscles of the thigh are divided into three functional groups: The extensor muscle group (extensors) includes the The sartorius muscle is the longest muscle in the human body and is a double-jointed muscle, i.e. it covers the hip and knee joint. It originates at the anterior superior iliac spine of the ilium and is located at the medial surface of the tibia below the head of the tibia. Due to its course, it acts as a flexor (flexion) in the hip joint, a weak external rotator (rotation outwards in the hip joint) and moves the leg laterally away from the body (abductor).

In the knee joint it leads to flexion and inner rotation. The quadriceps femoris muscle is one of the largest muscles in the human body and consists of four parts. All four parts have different origins, but they all start at the tibial tuberosity (bony protrusion of the tibia).The four shares are designated as follows: The approaching muscles of the thigh (adductors) can be divided into three layers.

All muscles in this group serve to bring the leg laterally closer to the body (adduction). The superficial adductor group contains the muscle pectineus and the muscle adductor longus. These originate at the pubic bone and move towards the back surface of the thigh bone.

The gracilis muscle is the only double-jointed muscle in the adductor group. It also originates at the pubic bone and attaches to the tibia below the head of the tibia. In the hip joint it leads to flexion and adduction, in the knee joint to flexion and internal rotation.

The adductor brevis muscle is the only muscle in the middle adductor group. It also originates from the pubic bone and is located on the back surface of the thigh bone. The deep adductor group originates from the The adductor magnus muscle originates from the ischium and attaches to the back surface of the femur.

Another part is attached to the medial epicondylus. It is considered the strongest adductor of the entire adductor group. The small adductor muscle (Musculus adductor minimus) is a split of the large muscle and thus has the same base and origin.

The flexors (flexors) of the thigh are also called ischiocrural muscles. With the exception of the biceps femoris muscle, all muscles in this group originate at the ischiochial tuberosity (bony projection of the ischium) and attach to the lower leg bone. This muscle group is innervated via the sciatic nerve.

The biceps femoris muscle consists of two muscle heads, the caput longum also originates at the ischial tuberosity, while the short part originates at the back of the femur (linea aspera). Both muscle heads start at the head of the fibula and cause flexion and external rotation in the knee joint. Since the long muscle head also pulls over the hip joint, it also leads to extension and external rotation in the hip joint.

Together with the gracilis and sartorius muscles, the semitendinosus muscle attaches to the medial edge of the tibia below the head of the tibia. It stretches the hip joint and brings it closer to the body. The knee joint is flexed.

It is innervated by the tibial nerve. The musculus semimembranosus is flat and elongated. It lies under the semitendinosus muscle and serves as a kind of sliding bearing.

Its base is the medial condyle of the tibia. Its function and innervation corresponds to that of the musculus semitendinosus.

The extensor muscles (extensors),
The flexor muscles (flexors) and
The muscles leading to the body (adductors).
Musculus sartorius, the
Musculus quadriceps femoris and the
Musculus articularis genus.
The Musculus rectus femoris originates from the Spina iliaca anterior inferior of the ilium and bends the hip joint.
It also stretches the knee joint.
The vastus medialis muscle originates at the back of the thigh bone, the linea aspera, and stretches the knee.
The Musculus vastus intermedius has its origin broadly at the front of the thigh bone and also leads to knee extension.
The vastus lateralis muscle originates from the lateral part of the linea aspera on the back surface of the femur. It occupies the largest part of the quadriceps femoris muscle and also stretches the knee joint.
The musculus articularis genus is small and a split-off of the musculus vastus intermedius (musculus quadrizeps femoris) It originates at the front of the thigh bone farthest from the body and attaches to the knee joint capsule. The capsule is tightened to prevent the capsule from being pinched when the knee joint is stretched.
The superficial one,
Medium and
Deep adductor group.
Large (magnus) and
Small (minimus) adductor muscle together.
Long caput longum and the
Short caput breve.