Pathogenesis (disease development)
The cause of fibromyalgia is not yet clearly understood.Several hypotheses are currently being discussed.First, a sleep disorder seems to be an important factor in the development of the disease.Furthermore, it is suspected that the concentration of various hormones such as growth hormone (somatotropic hormone (STH)) or the concentration of cortisol (hormone that activates catabolic (degrading) metabolic processes) has an influence on the development of fibromyalgia. Overall, there seems to be a disturbance in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (high consensus). Furthermore, it is discussed whether there is an additional disturbance of the autonomic nervous system.
Etiology (causes)
The following biological and psychosocial factors are associated with the development of FMS (risk indicators).Biographical Causes.
- Genetic burden-genetic factors are likely because FMS runs in families; candidate genes in the serotonergic, dopaminergic, and catecholaminergic systems.
- Gene polymorphisms of the 5HT2- receptor.
- Early childhood trauma and experiences of violence.
Behavioral causes
- Nutrition
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- Micronutrient deficiency (vital substances) – see Prevention with micronutrients.
- Consumption of stimulants
- Tobacco (smoking)
- Physical activity
- Physical inactivity
- Psycho-social situation
- Emotional stress
- Stress in the workplace
- Overweight (BMI ≥ 25; obesity).
Disease-related causes
- Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland).
- Infections
- Insomnia (sleep disorders) such as sleeping through the night
- Lyme disease*
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Raynaud’s syndrome
- Rheumatological diseases
- Trauma* (injuries, accidents)
- Various infections such as hepatitis C or an HIV infection* .
* Data are contradictory!
