General information
The anus The words anus and anus can be used synonymously. Both denote the outlet of the intestinal canal of higher living beings, to which man belongs. In humans, the anus consists of the so-called anal canal (Canalis analis), which in turn is divided into three zones.
In addition, a muscular part belongs to the anus, which together with the mucous membrane, skin and other structures forms the contingency organ. The muscular part is formed by two important muscles, namely the inner (Musculus sphincter ani internus) and the outer (Musculus sphincter ani externus) sphincter. The external sphincter can be controlled arbitrarily by the human body, so that defecation can be held back or even induced.
The inner sphincter, on the other hand, is not controlled arbitrarily and is to be understood as a strengthening of the intestinal muscles. The fistula The term fistula is derived from the Latin word fistula, which means pipe or tube. This describes the structure of a fistula quite well.
It is a tubular connection between two hollow organs or between a hollow organ and the body surface, which does not exist in a normal state. A distinction is therefore made between an inner (between two hollow organs) and an outer (between a hollow organ and the body surface) fistula. In addition, a lip fistula can be distinguished from a tubular fistula by its microscopic structure.
The anal fistula
ICD-10 Classification ? K60. 3rd anal fistula; K60.
4 rectal fistula; K60. 5 Anorectal fistula Fistulas of the anus, also called anal fistulas or perianal fistulas, are inflammatory changes in the anal region that can affect different layers of skin. The anal abscess is the acute form of the disease, whereas the anal fistula is the chronic form of the disease.
Classification
There are two different divisions for fistulas at the anus. First of all, they can be divided according to their circumference into an incomplete and a complete form. The incomplete anal fistula is formed at the bottom of an infection of a certain gland of the anal region (proctodeal gland).
It can result in an abscess. A complete anal fistula can result from a spontaneous (perforation) or surgical opening of an anal abscess. The second classification is based on the anatomical course of the fistula.
One speaks of the division according to parks. According to this classification, a distinction is made between intersphincteric, extrasphincteric, submucous, transphincteric, subcutaneous and suprasphincteric fistula. These terms refer to the anatomical position of the fistula in relation to the sphincters and the different layers of skin and connective tissue. An anorectal fistula extends far into the rectum.
